Belgium with 9 points and Denmark with 3 points qualify automatically for the round of 16 from group B. Denmark produced a stunning 4-1 victory against Russia to qualify after losses to Belgium and Finland. They finish with 3 points just as Finland and Russia but qualify on better goals difference.
Final group B and C matches
Netherlands and Austria go through automatically from group C. Netherland finish top with 9 points from 3 games and Austria take second place with 6 points.
EURO 2020: Final standings Group B and C
Ukraine and Finland will have to see if they qualify as one of the 4 3rd best placed teams.
EURO 2020: 3rd best placed table
Its Wales vs Denmark and Italy vs Austria in the second round.
Italy and Wales are the first teams to qualify for the second round in the ongoing EURO 2020 Championship. They qualified automatically from group A after coming 1st and 2nd respectively. Italy laid down their title credentials after wining all there 3 matches in the group including the 1-0 victory over Wales in their latest match played. Wales narrowly took second spot by a superior goals difference to 3rd placed Switzerland. Turkey finished last in group A with no point.
Matches played so far in EURO 2020
Wales and Italy will play the runners up in group B and C respectively. As things stand in group C, Italy are likely to avoid a potential early meeting with Netherlands. Wales will also avoid playing Belgium in the round of 16 as things stand in group B. Switzerland will have to wait to see if they qualify as one of the 4 3rd best placed teams. Should Switzerland qualify, a tough game awaits them as they may play the winners of either group B, E or F in the round of 16.
In this article, the following questions will be answered.
What is concrete?
What is reinforced concrete?
Strength of concrete.
Concrete mix ratio for reinforced concrete.
Types of Steel used for reinforced concrete.
letter codes for reinforcement steel.
Code of practice.
Structural layout.
Prior mathematical knowledge.
What is concrete?
Concrete is produced by the mixture of cement, sand, graded stones and water. It hardens to a solid mass in 28 days.
What is reinforced concrete?
Reinforced concrete is simply concrete structure that has been strengthened with steel.
Strength of concrete ( for reinforced concrete)
The strength is concrete that is the accepted standard for reinforced concrete is 24 kN/mm²
Concrete mix ratio for reinforced concrete
The standard mix ratio for reinforced concrete is 1:2:4. That is, 1 part of cement to 2 parts of fine aggregates (sand) to 4 parts of coarse aggregates ( graded stones/gravel/granite)
Types of steel used for reinforced concrete.
Mild steel: have strength (fy) of 250 N/mm²
High yield steel: have strength (fy) of 460 N/mm²
High yield steel is more economical and is mostly used for reinforced concrete design.
Letter codes for reinforcement steel
R for mild steel
Y for high yield steel (type 1 bars)
T for high yield steel (type 2 bars)
Square twisted high yield bars are type 1 while ribbed bars are type 2.
Code of practice
There are many codes of practice for reinforced concrete however the code used in this article is BS 8110.
BS 8110 is the former British code used for reinforced concrete design.
Every country or region has their own design code or uses adopted code from other countries or regions.
Structural layout
Structural layout is the drawing derived from architectural drawing. It shows the arrangement of reinforced concrete structural elements such as slabs ,beams and columns and how these elements support the building structure. Structural layout must is done in such a way that it is;
1.Sensible
2.the structural elements are economically arranged.
3. It does not distract or change the original design of the architect except where absolutely necessary and that is after consultation with the architect.
Prior mathematical knowledge
You should have learnt how to calculate shear forces and moments of framed structures.
