Types of Hypertensive Drugs readily available

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1. Diuretics:

  • Function: Increase kidney output of urine, flushing excess fluid from the body and lowering blood pressure.
  • Common examples: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), chlorthalidone (Thalitone)
  • Side effects: This class is most likely to cause frequent urination, including at night (nocturia). Electrolyte imbalance can also occur.

2. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors:

  • Function: Relax blood vessels by blocking an enzyme (ACE) that causes them to constrict, lowering blood pressure.
  • Common examples: Lisinopril (Zestril), enalapril (Vasotec)
  • Side effects: May cause a dry cough and dizziness. Not recommended for pregnant women.

3. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs):

  • Function: Similar to ACE inhibitors, but work by blocking the action of a hormone (angiotensin II) that constricts blood vessels, lowering blood pressure.
  • Common examples: Losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan)
  • Side effects: Generally well-tolerated, but dizziness and headache can occur. Not recommended for pregnant women.

4. Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs):

  • Function: Relax muscles in blood vessel walls, allowing them to dilate and lower blood pressure.
  • Common examples: Amlodipine (Norvasc), nifedipine (Procardia)
  • Side effects: May cause constipation, headache, and ankle swelling.

5. Beta-Blockers:

  • Function: Slow heart rate and reduce the force of heart contractions, lowering blood pressure.
  • Common examples: Metoprolol (Lopressor), atenolol (Tenormin)
  • Side effects: Fatigue, dizziness, and cold hands/feet are possible. Not recommended for people with asthma or certain heart conditions.

6. Other medications:

  • Alpha-blockers, alpha-2 receptor agonists, and vasodilators are less commonly used as first-line medications but may be prescribed in specific situations.

Important points to remember:

  • This is just a general overview, and there are many specific medications within each class.
  • The best medication for you will depend on your individual health condition, age, and other factors.
  • It’s crucial to consult with a doctor to determine the most appropriate medication and dosage for your specific needs.
  • Do not stop taking your medication or change your dosage without consulting your doctor.

I hope this explanation helps!

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